How Do Solar Panels Work

 


Solar panels capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. Imagine them as super-efficient light catchers on your roof. When sunlight hits these panels, it triggers a reaction that generates electrical power. This clean and green energy helps the environment but also puts you in control of managing and saving your energy bills. So, if you’re thinking about going solar, it’s like having your power plant on the roof, turning sunlight into energy for your home. Know how solar panels work.

How Solar Panels Work?

Solar panels work by harnessing the energy from the sun to generate electricity. They do this through a process called the photovoltaic effect.

1. Solar Cells

The basic building block of a solar panel is the solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell. These cells are made from silicon, a semiconductor material. Silicon absorbs photons of light and converts them into electricity.

2. Absorption of Sunlight

When sunlight hits the solar panels, the photons (particles of light) are absorbed by the silicon cells. This energy absorption causes the electrons in the silicon.

3. Generation of Electrical Current

The movement of these energized electrons creates an electrical current, which we call electricity.

4. P-N Junction

Solar cells are designed with a P-N junction. This junction is the boundary between two different layers of silicon. The P-layer has a surplus of positively charged holes, while the N-layer has excess negatively charged electrons. When sunlight is absorbed, it helps create an electric field at this junction, which drives the movement of electrons.

5. Direct Current (DC) Output

The electricity generated by the solar cells is in the form of direct current (DC), which is a constant flow of electrons in one direction. However, all the household appliance works on alternating current (AC). To make the electricity generated by the solar panels compatible, it needs to be converted from DC to AC. This is typically done using an inverter, which changes the direction of the electric current.

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